Diplomacy is conducting negotiations and diplomatic recognition between people, groups or nations by setting a problem without violence. formally used, it usually refers to international diplomacy, the conduct of international relations through (usually) professional diplomats.
An important distinction exists between diplomacy and foreign policy, although they are closely related, complementary and indispensable to each other.
Foreign policy is the strategic and political decisions of the highest state authorities. In France, it belongs to the Head of State, Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign and European Affairs.
Diplomacy is the implementation of foreign policy through diplomats.
The Holy See's diplomacy is one of the oldest diplomatic service in the world, operating from the V century and the oldest in Europe.
The oldest are found in the East, effect was observed already very early in Asia, the development of expeditionary and diplomatic missions, especially with the expansion of imperial China.
A diplomat is someone involved in diplomacy; talking about diplomatic mission since it refers to a group of diplomats from the same country who reside in another country. The rank of ambassador is the highest diplomatic ranks; a diplomatic mission headed by an ambassador is called an embassy. The set of all the diplomats of a particular country is called the diplomatic corps. The diplomatic mission is a group of persons appointed by a state called "sending State" to exercise, under the authority of a head of mission, diplomatic character functions in the territory of a foreign state says "receiving State".
According to Article 3 of the Vienna Convention of 1961, the normal functions are:
Sections 45 and 46 of the Vienna Convention establishes exceptional features. According to these articles, a State may charge its diplomatic mission of protecting the interests of a third country which would have severed diplomatic relations with the receiving State. Moreover, in principle, the diplomatic mission does not exercise consular functions, but it may be required to perform such functions under Article 3 of the Vienna Convention, none of the provisions of this Convention shall be construed as prohibiting the exercise of consular functions by a diplomatic mission.
They are all composed of a head of mission and its personnel under his authority.
The Vienna Convention had to establish rules that determine the ranking of heads of mission and this in order to put an end to the problems of precedence among diplomatic agents. precedence problems are that (precedence = take place before someone else) each receiving State with a head of mission, which precedes the other in the case of an official ceremony. Initially, the ambassadors felt that the place they occupied in an official ceremony was to match the size of their sovereign, in other words the account they thought he owed. It was to solve this problem that the 1815 Congress was convened. But the precedence problem has continued, which is why Article 14 of the Vienna Convention addresses this issue: according to this article, the Head of Mission category is divided into three classes:
In one class, the age of the appointment in the receiving country is critical. States decide among themselves which class should belong mission leaders. The receiving States do not distinguish between heads of mission by reason of their class except in regard to precedence and etiquette. These questions of precedence envisaged in Article 14 relate only to heads of mission. Article 17 states that the order of precedence of the diplomatic staff of each mission is established by the sending State itself and notified the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the receiving State. A head of mission can take office only if he has the prior approval of the Government that receives and this agreement is called accreditation. By the time a mission leader takes office, he must present his credentials by which accredits its own state to the receiving state. The Vienna Convention confirms an international practice that began in the 1920s, which allowed the representation of several States by a single head of mission. This hypothesis is included in Articles 5 and 6 of the Vienna Convention which stipulates that the receiving State has to agree to the same person is accredited by / from several states. By adopting this formula, some states avoid the financial difficulties caused the creation of many diplomatic missions while being represented from different states.
The diplomatic mission includes all staff to perform diplomatic functions and the staff is divided into several categories: there are diplomatic agents accredited by the host State, the Head of Mission and the administrative and technical staff employed in administrative services of the mission and finally the employee service staff in the domestic service of the mission. The numbers are still fixed by agreement between the sending State and the receiving State. According to Article 11 of the Vienna Convention, the receiving State "may require that the staff be kept within limits considered by it to be reasonable and normal." Members of the diplomatic mission are chosen unilaterally by the sending government should simply notify such designation to the Government of the receiving State. The receiving State may at any time declare that a member of the diplomatic staff is considered persona non grata and therefore request his recall to the sending State. In general, such a practice is a sign of political tension between the two states and this mainly concerns the heads of mission.
Diplomats with a diplomatic passport (categories A and B) enjoy diplomatic immunity that is to say the diplomats and their family members can not be sued in the courts of the receiving state for offenses of whatever nature, they commit on the territory of the receiving country (consular immunity, it does benefit the consuls and consular staff for offenses committed as part of their function). Diplomatic immunity must not be confused with diplomatic protection.
Foreign policy means all external policies of a country.
In France, the head of State, Prime Minister and Foreign Minister are loaded. In other countries, other titles may be used, as Secretary of State in the United States.
Source : Wikipedia
